Tomassini, V.a b c , d'Ambrosio, A.a b d , Petsas, N.e , Wise, R.G.b , Sbardella, E.e , Allen, M.b , Tona, F.e , Fanelli, F.e , Foster, C.b , Carnì, M.e , Gallo, A.d , Pantano, P.e f , Pozzilli, C.e
The effect of inflammation and its reduction on brain plasticity in multiple sclerosis: MRI evidence
(2016) Human Brain Mapping, 37 (7), pp. 2431-2445.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84974660130&partnerID=40&md5=0fe8594d52757ad2f15bc5cd4d229757
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23184
AFFILIATIONS: aInstitute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University School of Medicine, United Kingdom;
bCardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University School of Psychology, United Kingdom;
cIRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy;
dDepartment of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Italy;
eDepartment of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy;
fIRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, IS, Iceland
ABSTRACT: Brain plasticity is the basis for systems-level functional reorganization that promotes recovery in multiple sclerosis (MS). As inflammation interferes with plasticity, its pharmacological modulation may restore plasticity by promoting desired patterns of functional reorganization. Here, we tested the hypothesis that brain plasticity probed by a visuomotor adaptation task is impaired with MS inflammation and that pharmacological reduction of inflammation facilitates its restoration. MS patients were assessed twice before (sessions 1 and 2) and once after (session 3) the beginning of Interferon beta (IFN beta), using behavioural and structural MRI measures. During each session, 2 functional MRI runs of a visuomotor task, separated by 25-minutes of task practice, were performed. Within-session between-run change in task-related functional signal was our imaging marker of plasticity. During session 1, patients were compared with healthy controls. Comparison of patients' sessions 2 and 3 tested the effect of reduced inflammation on our imaging marker of plasticity. The proportion of patients with gadolinium-enhancing lesions reduced significantly during IFN beta. In session 1, patients demonstrated a greater between-run difference in functional MRI activity of secondary visual areas and cerebellum than controls. This abnormally large practice-induced signal change in visual areas, and in functionally connected posterior parietal and motor cortices, was reduced in patients in session 3 compared with 2. Our results suggest that MS inflammation alters short-term plasticity underlying motor practice. Reduction of inflammation with IFN beta is associated with a restoration of this plasticity, suggesting that modulation of inflammation may enhance recovery-oriented strategies that rely on patients' brain plasticity. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2431–2445, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: brain plasticity; functional MRI; inflammation; interferon beta; multiple sclerosis
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
