D'andrea, A.a , Conte, M.a , Scarafile, R.a , Riegler, L.a , Cocchia, R.a , Pezzullo, E.a , Cavallaro, M.a , Carbone, A.a , Natale, F.a , Russo, M.G.a , Gregorio, G.b , Calabrò, R.a
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound: Physical principles and principal applications in Neurocritical care unit
(2016) Journal of Cardiovascular Echography, 26 (2), pp. 28-41.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84976463425&partnerID=40&md5=8af1a183c6f7947e63690d95177481a1
DOI: 10.4103/2211-4122.183746
AFFILIATIONS: aDepartment of Cardiology, Integrated Diagnostic Cardiology, Second University of Neaples, Monaldi Hospital, Via M. Schipa 44, Naples, Italy;
bDepartment of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Vallo della Lucania, Salerno, Italy
ABSTRACT: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography is a noninvasive ultrasound study, which has been extensively applied on both outpatient and inpatient settings. It involves the use of a low-frequency (≤2 MHz) transducer, placed on the scalp, to insonate the basal cerebral arteries through relatively thin bone windows and to measure the cerebral blood flow velocity and its alteration in many different conditions. In neurointensive care setting, TCD is useful for both adults and children for day-to-day bedside assessment of critical conditions including vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, acute ischemic stroke, and brain stem death. It also allows to investigate the cerebrovascular autoregulation in setting of carotid disease and syncope. In this review, we will describe physical principles underlying TCD, flow indices most frequently used in clinical practice and critical care applications in Neurocritical Unit care. © 2016 Journal of Cardiovascular Echography Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow 27.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Brain stem death; cryptogenic stroke; mean cerebral brain flow; Neurocritical Unit Care; paradoxical embolism; patent foramen ovale; subarachnoid hemorrhage; transcranial Doppler ultrasonography; traumatic brain injury; vasospasm
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
